Раздел 3 грамматика и лексика вариант 2. Разбираем ЕГЭ по английскому языку: раздел «Грамматика
A. Safe solutions are still needed.
B. International efforts to stop pollution.
C. Science for nature protection.
D. Set to protect nature.
E. Air pollution in the chain of global destruction.
F. We are all elements of global ecosystem.
1. People have lived on our planet for many years. We may live on different continents and in different countries., but we all depend on our planet., on the sun, on animals and plants around us. We must take care of Earth but not destruct wildlife. Many species of animals and birds are disappearing nowadays. We cut down trees to make furniture, but we forget that people can"t live without trees and plants. Every little creature or thing on Earth plays its own part and makes our home unique.
2. One of the biggest eco problems is pollution.The main reason of pollution is rubbish. Most of our rubbish goes to big holes in the ground, called "dumps". But dumps are very dangerous for our life, because they are full of rats, which can carry infections away from dumps. Another way to get rid of rubbish is to burn it. But the fires make poisons, which go into the air and pollute it. This is the problem scientists should get interested in. Such researches are worth spending money on.
3. The Royal Society for the prevention of cruelty to animals (the RSPCA) tries to protect animals from bad use. It operates big nation campaigns aimed at lost pets and circus animals. The World Wildlife Fund (The WWF) rescued several species of animals, mammals as well as birds. These organizations also helped to create more than 250 National parks. Greenpeace began its work 20 years ago from saving whales. And now Greenpeace is a world-famous organization, which saves plants, animals and people.
4. Every year world industry pollutes the atmosphere with about 1000 million tons of dust and harmful substances. Many cities suffer from smog. Vast forests are cut down and burn in fire. Their disappearance upsets the oxygen balance. As a result, some rare species of animals, birds. fish and plants disappear forever, a number of lakes and rivers dry up. The pollution of air and the world destruction of the ozone layer is the result of man"s careless interaction with nature, a sign of ecological crises.
5. Numerous conferences have been held to discuss questions of ecologically poor regions including the Aral Sea, the South Urals, Kuzbass, Donbass, Semipalatsinsk and Chernobyl. An international environmental research center has been set up on Lake Baikal. Scientists are also doing much to preserve the environment. But these are only the initial steps that must be carries forward to protect not only for the sake of the present but for the future generations.
Litter is garbage – like food, paper and cans – on the ground or in the street. Where many people
live together, litter is a problem. People don’t always put their garbage in the bins. It’s easier to
drop a paper than to find a bin for it. But litter is ugly. It makes the city look dirty, and it spoils
The wind blows papers far away. Often they are difficult to catch. When they blow against a
fence, they stay there. This fence is a wall of garbage.
Litter is a health problem, too. Food and garbage attract animals, which sometimes carry disease.
Some people want to control litter. They never throw litter themselves, and sometimes they work
together in groups to clean up the city. In most places litter is against the law. The law punishes
people who throw garbage in the streets. They usually pay a fine, and occasionally they go to
Two famous sayings in the United States are: “Don’t be a litterbug!” and “Every litter bit hurts!”
| 10. |
Litter is a problem among people.
| 11. |
There are special bins for different garbage in the streets.
1) true 2) false 3) not stated
| 12. |
Papers are easy to catch.
1) true 2) false 3) not stated
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| The famous writer ________ his poem in 1947. | WRITE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| The old man ________ at his garden at 3 o`clock yesterday. | WORK | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| They ________ home by 4 o`clock yesterday. | COME | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| He ________ the text before the film began. | TRANSLATE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| She ________ computer games the whole evening yesterday. | PLAY | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика
Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами B4-B10, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали
содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4-B10.
A cup of coffee
В 4. Once I was travelling in Italy. It was a lovely day. I wandered
along the street until I came upon some parasol-shaded tables
which seemed to __________________ very nice. I settled and
opened my book.
В 5. It was taking a long time for the waiter to arrive, but I was in
no hurry. I was sure that the waiter __________________
soon.
В 6. But finally, becoming impatient, I turned to signal for service
and saw the neon sign. That was the __________________
moment ... I discovered that I was sitting outside a store selling
garden furniture.
The Great Wall of China
В 7. The Great Wall of China runs for 6,700 kilometers from east to
west of China. It is one of the __________________ wonders
of the world.
B 8. The Great Wall __________________ in order to protect
the country form different aggressors.
B 9. The construction of the Wall __________________ in the 6th
century BC and lasted until the 16th century AD.
B10. Since then, the Great Wall of China __________________
a symbol of wisdom and bravery of the Chinese people and
a monument to Chinese nation for many hundreds of years.
BECOME I COME BAD GREAT BUILD BEGIN
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В11-B16, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группыВ11-В16.
UK: Conservation and Environment
B11. Going for a walk is the most popular leisure activity in Britain.
Despite its high __________________ density and widespread
urbanization, the UK has many unspoilt rural and coastal
areas.
B12. Twelve National Parks are freely accessible to the public and
were created to conserve the __________________ beauty,
wildlife and cultural heritage they contain.
B13. Most of the land in National Parks is privately owned, but
administered by an independent National Park Authority which
works to balance the expectations of __________________
with the need to conserve these open spaces for future
generations.
B14. The UK also works to improve the global environment and has
taken global warming __________________ ever since
scientists discovered the hole in the ozone layer.
B15. In 1997, the UK subscribed to the Kyoto Protocol binding
developed countries to reduce emissions of the six main
greenhouse gases. The Protocol declares environmental
__________________.
B16 Nowadays British __________________ are taking part in one
of the largest international projects that is undertaken to protect
endangered species.
SCIENCE POPULATE NATURE VISIT SERIOUS PROTECT
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22-А28. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям A22-A28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного Вами варианта
ответа.
It wasn’t unusual for Amos to go to Deravenels on Saturday, even though
the offices were closed over the weekend. He A22 ______ to go to tidy up his
paperwork and do other small jobs he couldn’t attend to during the week.
But on this Saturday morning he had a specific purpose when he arrived at
the grand old building on the Strand. The uniformed doorman A23 ______ Amos
close his umbrella and take off his raincoat. Then he touched his cap and said,
“Good morning, Mr. Finnister”.
Amos had come to the office to A24 ______ a few telephone calls. His first
call was to the Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, where he quickly discovered
the records office was not open on weekends. He then dialed Ravenscar and was
put through to Edward Deravenel.
“Good morning, Amos,” Edward said. “I’m assuming you have some news
for me.” Amos then relayed all the information he had gathered the night before.
“Well done, Amos!” Edward exclaimed. “Thank you for going into all this
A25 ______ . I knew I could depend A26 ______ you. My wife will be happy as
I am to know everything; it’s been such a mystery all these years. To A27 ______
the truth, I think that Grace Rose should also know what happened to her mother.
It will finally put her mind at rest.”
“I agree, sir. I will telephone you on Monday”. Amos walked home, A28 ______
no attention to the heavy rain. He felt happy.
A22 1) held
2) took
3) used
4) kept
A23 1) looked
2) gazed
3) stared
4) watched
A241) take
2) do
3) make
4) give
A25 1) worry
2) trouble
3) bother
4) mess
A26 1) at
2) on
3) in
4) of
A27 1) tell
2) speak
3) say
4) talk
A28 1) turning
2) paying
3) drawing
4) bringing
По окончании выполнения заданий В4-В16, А22-А28 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в бланк ответов № 1! Обратите внимание, что ответы на задания В4-В16, А22-А28 располагаются в разных частях бланка. При
переносе ответов в заданиях В4-В16 буквы записываются без пробелов и знаков препинания.
Данный раздел состоит из трех заданий.
Максимальное количество баллов за верное выполнение всех заданий – 20 баллов.
Задания 19 – 25 (базовый уровень)
Задание на образование грамматических форм.
За каждый правильный ответ вы получите 1 балл.
Максимальное количество баллов – 7 баллов.
Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19 — 25 , так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19 – 25 .
Christmas trees
19 One Christmas Eve the trees in а wood were very unhappy. They wished
very much to make Christmas stay, but they _____________ how to do so. NOT KNOW
“We are so bare,” complained one tree. “If we only had our pretty green
summer dresses,” said other trees.
20 “Hush, children, hush,” whispered North Wind in а gentle voice, which
was unusual for the ___________ of all winds. “Go to sleep.” While they BAD
slept something happened.
21 When the trees awoke they found that someone, perhaps North Wind,
had cast over each of _________ а lovely soft cloak of spotless feathery ТНЕУ
Seagull problem
22 The councillors of Dumfries, Scotland, are determined to do something
about the seagull problem. Dumfries is the _________ town in the region THREE
invaded bу seagulls which attack people. The birds protect their nests.
23 Local authorities declared that next spring special anti-gull “task-force”
The gull nests. “Seagulls are а menace to Scottish towns,” said DESTROY
Environment Minister Michael Russell.
24 “Recently , they ________ aggressive to other birds, pets and even BECOME
25 Councillor Jack Groom said the time for talk was over, adding that it
was time for action before ___________ people were hurt bу the gulls. MANY
Ответы кзаданиям 19 – 25 запишите в поле ответа в тексте работы, а затем перенесите в бланк ответов № 1. Ответы записываются в виде слова или нескольких слов БЕЗ пробела, например: WAS INVENTED .
— во время первого прочтения просмотрите весь текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание;
— определите, в каком времени идет повествование (настоящем, прошедшем или будущем)
— обратите внимание, есть ли в тексте прямая речь, для того чтобы правильно применить правило согласования времен в английском языке;
— во время второго прочтения определите, какую грамматическую форму надо вставить в пропуск:
- существительное (ед. / мн. число, притяжательный падеж)
- глагол (личная /неличная форма)
- прилагательное (сравнительная степень – сигналом будет наличие в тексте слов than , much , far или превосходная степень – сигналом будет наличие артикля the )
- числительное (количественное или порядковое – сигналом будет наличие артикля the )
— обратите внимание на особенности правописания выбранной вами формы слова, например, one – the first; happy – the happiest, etc.
Работа над лексикой:
spotless – без единого пятнышка, чистый, безупречный (spot+less)
feathery [´feðəri] – легкий, как перо, воздушный, тонкий
councillor (council+lor – BrEng; council+or – AmEng) – советник
Dumfries – Дамфрис (город в Шотландии)
menace [´menis] – угроза, опасность
Задания 26 – 31 (повышенный уровень сложности)
Задания на контроль лексико-грамматических (словообразовательных) навыков.
Максимальный балл – 6 баллов.
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 26 – 31 , однокоренные слова, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 26 – 31 .
White monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal
26 Тhе ancient city of Vladimir was founded in 1108 bу the Kiev Prince
Vladimir Monomach. It contains an important group of monuments.
The Cathedral of the Assumption was intended to bе the _________ RELIGION
centre of all Russia.
27 It was built in the town Kremlin as а single-domed structure with the
façade __________ for its carved reliefs. REMARK
28 Most of the 12th-century frescoes were destroyed bу Mongols, but new
mural __________ were added in 1408 bу Andrei Rublev and Daniil PAINT
Chernii, in particular the famous Last Judgment.
29 Suzdal, which lies some 25 km north of Vladimir, was the site of а
In the 9 th and 10 th centuries, which became а fortress. А posad, SETTLE
which was housing craftsmen and shopkeepers, developed around it.
30 Within, dominating the whole town stands the Cathedral of the Nativity
with its five-domed top and Golden Doors. The interior __________ is DECORATE
important in Russian art.
31 The buildings in Vladimir and Suzdal have been the centre of ________ CULTURE
tourism for several decades and а good deal of restoration has been carried
Ответы кзаданиям 26 - 31 запишите в виде слова бланк ответов № 1.
— определите, какой частью речи должно быть слово, пропущенное в тексте;
— подумайте, нужно ли его употребить в положительном или отрицательном значении на месте пропуска;
— вспомните типичные для данной части речи аффиксы и преобразуйте написанное ЗАГЛАВНЫМИ буквами слово;
— запишите полученное слово, обращая внимание на орфографические особенности его написания.
Работа над лексикой:
craftsman – ремесленник
shopkeeper – лавочник
façade – фасад здания
dome – купол
carved relief – резной рельеф
mural = fresco – настенная живопись, фреска
the Cathedral of Assumption [ə´sʌmpʃən] – Успенский Собор
the Cathedral of the Nativity – Храм Рождества Христова
Last Judgment [´ʤʌʤment] – Страшный Суд
Задания 32 – 38 (повышенный уровень сложности)
Лексическое задание на множественный выбор
Максимальный балл – 7 баллов
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 32 – 38. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 32 – 38 , в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианта ответа.
Childhood memories
I was told my father was killed in the war. Whenever I questioned my mother about his death, she didn"t 32 _______ any more than that he had been killed fighting on the Western Front only days before the peace treaty with Germany was signed. Grandma said my dad had been а brave man, and once when we were 33 ________ in the house she showed me his medals. My grandpa rarely 34 ________ an opinion on anything, but then he was hard of hearing so he might not have heard the question in the first place.
The only man I can 35 ________ was my uncle Stan who used to sit at the top of the table at breakfast time. When he left in the morning, I 36 _______ to follow him to the city docks where he worked. Every day I spent at the dockyard was an adventure. Cargo ships came from distant lands and unloaded their wares: rice, sugar, bananas and many other things I’d never heard of. Once the holds had been emptied, the dockers would load them with salt, tin, 37 _______ coal (my least favourite because it was an obvious clue to what I’ve been doing all day and annoyed my mother), before they set off again. I always wanted to help my uncle Stan unload 38 _______ ship had docked that morning but he just laughed, saying “All in good time, my lad.” It couldn"t bе soon enough for me.
32 1) talk 2) speak 3) tell 4) say
Ответ :
33 1) single 2) only 3) lonely 4) alone
Ответ :
34 1) offered 2) proposed 3) requested 4) invited
Ответ :
35 1) recover 2) repeat 3) remember 4) remind
Ответ:
36 1) used 2) kept 3) held 4) made
37 1) still 2) even 3) just 4) yet
38 1) whatever 2) wherever 3) whenever 4) whoever
Ответы к заданиям 32 – 38
запишите в виде одной цифры
в поле ответа в тексте работы, а затем не забудьте перенести их в бланк
ответов № 1.
— во время первого прочтения прочитайте весь текст до конца, чтобы уловить его общее содержание;
— во время второго прочтения особое внимание обратите на сочетаемость лексических единиц характерную в английском языке, поэтому во время подготовки к экзамену учите как можно больше идиом, устойчивых словосочетаний и фразовых глаголов, типичных для английского языка;
— помните, что грамматическая конструкция влияет на выбор правильного варианта ответа;
— при выполнении заданий 32 – 38 нужно помнить о различиях в значении и употреблении синонимов;
— во время подготовки к экзамену выписывайте и изучайте все предложенные варианты ответа, увеличивая тем самым свой словарный запас.
Работа над лексикой:
to talk – говорить, беседовать, вести переговоры
to speak – говорить, разговаривать, выступать с речью/докладом, владеть языками
to tell – рассказывать, сказать кому-то (tell smb – этот глагол всегда требует дополнения)
to say – сказать (say to smb – этот глагол требует предложного дополнения); так же употребляется во фразах типа: He said (that) he would go to the theatre with Julie.
single – единственный, единый, холостой
оnly – единственный, исключительный, выдающийся
lonely – одинокий, малолюдный, пустынный
alone – один, единственный, без посторонней помощи
to offer – предлагать кому-либо что-либо; to offer an opinion – выражать мнение
to propose smb – предлагать, намереваться (to form a plan for)
to request (formal ; stronger than ask ) – просить, требовать
to invite – приглашать
to recover – выздоравливать, восстанавливать
to repeat – повторять
to remember – помнить
to remind – напоминать, уведомлять (It reminds me of …)
used to do smth – иметь привычку (обыкновение) делать что-либо в прошлом
keep (kept, kept) – хранить (keep doing smth – продолжать какое-либо действие)
hold (held, held) – держать, сохранять, праздновать, проводить собрание
Once I was travelling in Italy. It was a lovely day. I wandered along the street until I came upon some
parasol-shaded tables which seemed to very nice. I settled and opened my book. I
| B5 |
It was taking a long time for the waiter to arrive, but I was in no hurry. I was sure that the waiter soon. COME
| B6 |
But finally, becoming impatient, I turned to signal for service and saw the neon sign. That was the
moment... I discovered that I was sitting outside a store selling garden furniture. BAD
The Great Wall of China
| B7 |
The Great Wall of China runs for 6,700 kilometers from east to west of China. It is one of the GREAT
wonders of the world.
| B8 |
The Great Wall the country form different aggressors. BUILD
| B9 |
The construction of the Wall in order to protect in the 6 th century BC and lasted until the 16 th century AD. BEGIN
UK: Conservation and Environment
| B11 |
Going for a walk is the most popular leisure activity in Britain. Despite its high density and POPULATE
widespread urbanization, the UK has many unspoilt rural and coastal areas.
| B12 |
Twelve National Parks are freely accessible to the public and were created to conserve the beauty, NATURE
wildlife and cultural heritage they contain.
| B13 |
Most of the land in National Parks is privately owned, but administered by an independent National Park Authority which
works to balance the expectations of with the need to conserve these open spaces for future generations. VISIT
| B14 |
The UK also works to improve the global environment and has taken global warming ever since SERIOUS
scientists discovered the hole in the ozone layer.
| B15 |
In 1997, the UK subscribed to the Kyoto Protocol binding developed countries to reduce emissions of the six main
greenhouse gases. The Protocol declares environmental PROTECT
It wasn’t unusual for Amos to go to Deravenels on Saturday, even though the offices were closed over the weekend. He A22
to go to tidy up his paperwork and do other small jobs he couldn’t attend to during the week.
But on this Saturday morning he had a specific purpose when he arrived at the grand old building on the Strand. The uniformed doorman A23
Amos close his umbrella and take off his raincoat. Then he touched his cap and said, “Good morning, Mr. Finnister”
Amos had come to the office to A24
a few telephone calls. His first call was to the Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, where he quickly discovered the records office was not open on weekends. He then dialed Ravenscar and was put through to Edward Deravenel.
“Good morning, Amos,” Edward said. “I’m assuming you have some news for me.” Amos then relayed all the information he had gathered the night before.
“Well done, Amos!” Edward exclaimed. “Thank you for going into all this you. My wife will be happy as A25
I knew I could depend A26
I am to know everything; it’s been such a mystery all these years. To A27
the truth, I think that Grace Rose should also know what happened to her mother. It will finally put her mind at rest.”
“I agree, sir. I will telephone you on Monday”. Amos walked home, A28
no attention to the heavy rain. He felt happy.
| A22 |
1) held 2) took 3) used 4) kept
| A23 |
1) looked 2) gazed 3) stared 4) watched
| A24 |
1) take 2) do 3) make 4) give
| A25 |
1) worry 2) trouble 3) bother 4) mess
Автономная личность и сознание Разделение сознания
В оксфорде доказали существование параллельных миров
Тире в сложном предложении